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A heritage centuries ago and centuries henceforth

Anita Valentinova, 24.07.2008

European and Asian climate and geographical influences are mixed on the territory of green Bulgaria. By the help of this important fact a diversity of animal and plant life species can be found in Bulgaria. 160 parks and reserves are the protected by the law. Over 2000 nature landmarks, 972 historical places and 106 protected by the law places are located on their territory. Three national parks are known in Bulgaria. Valuable heritages which definitely worth visiting. The National Park “Rila” covers 45% of the territory of not only the highest, but also the most severe Bulgarian mountain, as protecting the largest territory of Bulgarian subаlpian and аlpian zone. 130 peaks with altitude of over 2000 m., including the highest on the Balkan Peninsula-Musala (2925m.) are situated in this park. Rila Mountain is also the most aquatic mountain in Bulgaria with over 200 glacial lakes. Four reserves are included in Rila Park: “Skakavitsa”, “Ibar”, “Parangalitsa” and “Central Rila”, as the last two are enlisted in the Unesco program for biosphere reserves. The National Park “ Central Balkan” covers the highest and most beautiful part of Middle Stara Mountain. 9 natural reserves, 1 protected area and 15 natural resources are included in its borders. This is one of the most precious and biggest protected areas in Europe- second category according to IUCN. The park and eight of its reserves are enlisted as representative preserved territories of UNO and four of them are part of the world net biosphere reserves on the program “Man and biosphere” of UNESCO. The highest on the Balkan Peninsula waterfall “Paradise Splash” (“Raiskoto pryskalo”), with the fall of 125m is located on the area of the park. National Park “Pirin” with its breath-taking beautiful, powerful and regally running forward the sky peaks and forests, with crystal clear 176 permanent and 35 temporarily lakes, creates a great impression on every tourist. The park itself covers 40 466 hectares of the mountain of Gods, as the ancient Thracian and Slavs called Pirin in the past. Its surface is the biggest among all protected areas in Bulgaria and the park is of great significance for the protection of biological and landscape diversity on the Balkan Peninsula. Two natural reserves Baiuvi Dupki –Djindjiritsa and Julen, 11 nature landmarks and 13 historical places can be seen on the territory of the park. Baiuvi Dupki with its 6 circus and forest massifs of 200-300 years old white and black firs is entered in the list of biosphere reserves of UNESCO. The relief of the northern part of the park is typically alpian. Marble and granites peaks with the height of over 2500 m are 79 and those the height of over 2900 are only two. One of them is also the leader of the mountain- Vejen peak (2915m). The highest lake situated is Gornolejansko and the biggest is Popsko. The nature parks in Bulgaria are 10. The oldest Bulgarian nature park “Vitosha” is created in 1934 as it covers almost the whole Vitosha Mountain, located in the immediate vicinity of the capital city Sofia. The reserve “Bistrishko branishte”, which altogether with 16 Bulgarian reserves was included in the World net of biosphere reserves on the program “Human and biosphere” of UNESCO in 1977, is also situated in Vitosha. “Roussenski Lom” is located on the north eastern part of Bulgaria among Grand Canyon gorge. Large caves and different rocky formations are made in the rocky walls with height up to 120m. “Strandja”-the biggest and one of the most exotic nature parks in Bulgaria is located on the slopes of Bulgarian part of Strandja mountain. “Rila monastery” covers many forests, belonging to the biggest and most respected Bulgarian monastery- Rila monastery. “Shoumensko Plateau” is located on the plateau above the north eastern city Shoumen. Whirlpools are especially typical for the surface of the park. Some of them are impressive in size. 60 caves are found in this region. The park ” Golden Sands” is 17km. north from Black Sea harbor and the sea city Varna. “Sinite kamani” (“Blue Stones”) is above the city of Sliven, on the south slopes of eastern part of Stara mountain. “Vrachanski Balkan” is above the city Vratsa, in the eastern part of the longest mountain chain in Bulgaria-Stara Mountain and it is the second in size among the nature parks in Bulgaria. The richest cave region in the country is also here-over 500 caves and abysses. “Persina” is the only one Bulgarian nature park alongside the river Danube. Several of its reserves are unique with the forest vegetation and the wide variety of birds’ species. The newest nature park in Bulgaria, named “Bulgarka” embraces the north slopes of the central part of Stara Mountain. The National park-museum “Shipka-Buzludja”, devoted to the crucial for Russian-Turkish War in 1877-78, is situated in “Bulgarka”.